Pharmaceutics & Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Biography

Biography: Prashant Shalikram Khemariya

Abstract

According to WHO- International and domestic funding for malaria control and elimination was approx US$ 2.7 billion in 2013, even after that 3.2 billion people, almost half of the world’s population are at risk of malaria. Not only were that till September 2015, there 214 million cases of malaria and 438,000 deaths. As per American Mosquito Control Association (AMCA) there are approx 3000 varieties of mosquitoes and Culex, Anopheles, and Aedes genera are the most common and most dangerous responsible to Malaria and Dengue fever. 120000 mosquitoes would be enough to completely drain out the blood of average human just within 3 minutes of short time. So no wonder to say that mosquitoes have been described as the “world’s deadliest animal”. Mosquito likes dark colors (most favorite black) and O+ blood is very delicious for them, resulting people with O+ blood group are always on mosquito’s demands. Actually, only the female mosquitoes bite people, but not for her meal, although they are searching Isoleucine in human blood that is one of the basic building blocks of life. Human blood is not the best source for Isoleucine, blood from buffaloes and rats contains more Isoleucine, but since people outnumber rats and buffaloes in many places the mosquitoes bite us instead. Female mosquito may lay as 200-300 eggs if she has Isoleucine otherwise only 10. Female Anopheles Gambiae is one of the best known for a predominant role in the transmission of the most dangerous malaria parasite species called Plasmodium falciparum. Female mosquitoes have nerve cells called cpA neurons that have a receptor to detect carbon dioxide and chemicals secreted through human skin. An average person’s respirations generate approximately 450 liters of carbon dioxide, 1500 mmols of lactate and expel few chemicals from the skin per day, by thee smell of these chemicals mosquitoes tracks our location. The aim of presenting research is to make a hollow statue containing few thin layers of soft gelatin (tensile strength 15-20 MPa) and that will be reacting as a Human body. The outer layer will be dark black with 1.5-2.5 mm of thickness and have “Chemical A” ( containing L-Lactic Acid, ammonia, carboxylic acids, Carbon Dioxide and octenol in a particular combination) and an inner layer will be approx 2-3 micron of thickness, 12-20% of moisture and overlap with a W/O emulsion of a Carbamate. Outer layer of the statue will release “Chemical A” (containing CO2 and other chemicals) in mist form, this chemical will be enough to attract female mosquitoes. To drill outer layer of the statue a female mosquito will need 15-17 Hz, pressure and a vibratory cutting frequency of 200-400 Hz by her fascicle with 1.8mm length and 11.0 mm internal radius, now condition will be same as epidermis (outer layer of human skin). When mosquito will sit on outer layer and drill it, fascicle reaches to an inner layer of statue that having Carbamate in liquid form and she will suck it. Carbamate actually affect the activity of acetylcholinestearase (AChE), which is responsible for the hydrolysis of acetylcholine (ACh), it is a neurotransmitter. This chemical act as synapses in the Central Nervous System of the mosquito. Following the inhibition of AChE caused by carbamylation, ACh will accumulate thus prolonging the action of the Neurotransmitter at the cholinergic synapses, resulting hyper excitation of the CNS will accompanied by convulsion, then paralysis and ultimately it will lead to the death of the mosquito. One State will be enough for 2.80 Sq acres are and few more statues will make entire city free from Mosquitoes.